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ADHD Medication in the UK The drugs for ADHD help to reduce symptoms by increasing brain activity in specific regions. They also stimulate neurotransmitters which are deficient in people suffering from ADHD. Stimulant medications are the most frequently prescribed treatment for adults with ADHD in the UK. They increase activity in areas of the brain that are involved in the control of impulses and attention. Stimulants In the UK there are two kinds of medications that are approved for adult ADHD treatment: stimulants and nonstimulant medications. The stimulants are typically used as the first choice because they increase activity in the areas of the brain that control attention and behavior. These include methylphenidate also known as Ritalin, and the lisdexamfetamine. They can be administered several times a day in a tablet with a short-acting mechanism or taken daily in a tablet with a long-acting mechanism that is released into the bloodstream throughout the course of a single day. In the beginning the dosage of the medication may require adjustment and monitored (titrated) in order to determine the dose that is effective for you. Stimulants are used both as medical and recreational drugs. In the 1930s, amphetamines were often used by truck drivers, students, and athletes as energy enhancers. Amphetamines can be dangerous and be misused. They are used to can make people feel good and can stimulate the mind in ways that can lead them to addiction. The most frequent side effects of stimulants are loss of appetite, difficulty sleeping and problems with the digestive system or stomach. These problems can be reduced by altering the dosage or timing. They are generally well-tolerated by adults in general. However, children may experience more significant side-effects, like the loss of weight, tics and crankiness. Non-stimulant ADHD medication functions in a different way to the stimulants and can take a while before it starts working. Clonidine and Guanfacine (brand names Catapres and Intuniv) are alpha agonists, both of which work by stimulating certain receptors in the brain to improve concentration, decrease hyperactivity and impulsivity, as well as reduce behavioural issues like aggression and tics. adult adhd treatments iampsychiatry.uk can be used on their own or as a complement alongside ADHD stimulant medications for children aged 6-17. Atomoxetine (brand name Strattera) is a non-stimulant medication for ADHD that increases levels of the neurotransmitter Noradrenaline to improve impulse control and improve concentration. It can be prescribed alone, but it is most commonly combined with guanfacine for children. These drugs are less likely to cause the same adverse effects as stimulants, but can cause a variety of them such as headaches and insomnia. Atomoxetine While stimulant medications such as Ritalin and Adderall are generally suggested for children with ADHD, some children don't respond to these medications. Nonstimulants are a possibility for children with ADHD. They improve the signaling between nerves and regions of the brain, helping children to concentrate better and reducing impulsivity. Nonstimulant ADHD drugs contain different active ingredients than stimulants. They also do not have the potential to be abused and are not controlled substances. Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera, is a non-stimulant medication that can be used to treat ADHD in children, adults and teenagers. It is an antidepressant, and has been proven to decrease ADHD symptoms by increasing the amount of a chemical called noradrenaline in the brain. Noradrenaline transmits messages between brain cells and is involved in impulsivity, attention and motivation. Atomoxetine due to its unique mechanism of action, does not have the same side effects that other antidepressants do, such as Wellbutrin or Effexor. It can be prescribed for children as old as 5 and is taken orally, every day, either once or twice in tablet form. Atomoxetine gives you a steady, 24-hour control of ADHD symptoms. It may reduce problems at night when the stimulants have wore off. Both clonidine and guanfacine are available as non-stimulant ADHD medication. They are prescribed to children who have not been able to respond to stimulant medications or have trouble dealing with its negative effects. They can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants like Adderall XR (amphetamine salts) to provide an effective treatment of ADHD. Follow the instructions of your doctor Follow your doctor's instructions if your child or you is being treated with non-stimulant ADHD medication. They'll likely recommend starting with low doses and gradually increasing them. They'll also want to know about any other medications you or your child are taking to ensure that there aren't any interactions. You should make regular appointments with your GP and inform them if you experience any side effects or concerns. They'll be able to modify your dosage or provide advice alternative treatments, like talk therapy. Unlicensed Medication The treatment for ADHD in adults is a range of stimulant and non-stimulant drugs. Psychologists can also prescribe drugs that are 'off label' (these are substances that are approved for a different condition, but are being evaluated for their effectiveness in adults with ADHD). These are typically antidepressants like bupropion or venflaxine, both of which have been proven to have a positive effect on the condition and are well tolerated at lower doses than the ones found in the approved treatments. Sometimes, unlicensed drugs are prescribed to patients when there is a genuine medical need that is so specific that the prescription cannot be fulfilled with an alternative licensed medicine. This is the case for patients whose regular medication is temporarily unavailable due to supply disruption or other reasons, and patients who require liquid formulations of a certified tablet or capsule due to intolerance or allergy. Unlicensed medicines can be described as “specials”. This term can also be used to refer to medicines that are “off-label” or have been prepared or provided in a manner that is not covered by the license. These might include crushing tablets to make them easier to swallow or adding liquid to an approved capsule or tablet to form a mixture for administration by injection, or using a syringe pump to administer medication subcutaneously (under the skin). Healthcare professionals generally utilize unlicensed medicines as a last resort when they feel that there is no licensed alternative. They will carefully evaluate a variety of options to meet the unique needs of each patient. They will also review treatment and outcomes regularly considering their clinical experience and the availability of new treatments that are licensed. It is important that any unlicensed medicine used to treat a patient is safe and effective and the reason for prescribing it is recorded in the patient's records. If a person has any side effects from an off-label treatment they must be reported to the MHRA's Yellow Card scheme. The information provided will be used by the MHRA to update the marketing authorisation of the medicine and ensure future prescriptions are safe and effective. Talk Therapy A therapist who works with you will help you understand your symptoms and help you find ways to manage them. They can also offer you guidance and assistance on how to alter your way of thinking and behavior to feel more positive. It is essential to complete the number of sessions that your therapist suggests as this will be key in your feeling more positive. The use of medication can help reduce the symptoms of ADHD by increasing the quantity of neurotransmitters that your brain produces. These chemicals enable your neurons to pass on messages, helping you focus your mind and avoid distractions. There are two types of ADHD treatment that include stimulants and non-stimulants. All of them increase the quantity of neurotransmitters that are available in your brain. In the UK there are many medications that can be utilized to treat ADHD. The most commonly used is methylphenidate. It is available in tablets that are immediate-release (small doses taken two to three times per day) and modified-release tablets (taken every day, but released throughout the day). These medicines are not the cure for ADHD but they can make it easier to focus and control impulsive behaviour. They are generally well tolerated however, your doctor will closely monitor you to ensure that you receive the correct dose and don't experience any adverse effects. Medication can take a few weeks to reach the optimal level and may have to be titrated (changed regularly) to determine what works best for you. Non-stimulant drugs like atomoxetine which is available on prescription only, can be more effective than stimulants and don't have the same possibility of addiction. They are more effective but not as well-liked. Some patients may have issues with appetite, memory or sleep. Your doctor will track your progress and determine whether you should continue taking Atomoxetine or switch to another treatment. People with ADHD can't discover permanent solutions using therapy or medication. They can help you cope with your symptoms, and lead a more fulfilling life. You will make the most of your treatment if you combine treatment with regular visits to your therapist, as this will give you the chance to discover coping mechanisms and identify unhelpful patterns in your behavior and thinking. For certain people, their improved confidence and mood can last beyond the end of their treatment.